Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Fats provide the most energy at 9 kcal per gram — more than double the 4 kcal/g from carbohydrates or proteins. This is why fatty foods are calorie-dense.

What disease is caused by Vitamin C deficiency?

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency causes Scurvy. Symptoms include bleeding gums, weak connective tissue, and poor wound healing. Citrus fruits and amla are rich sources of Vitamin C.

What does Vitamin D deficiency cause in children?

Vitamin D deficiency in children causes Rickets — softening and weakening of bones, bowed legs, and stunted growth. In adults the same deficiency causes Osteomalacia. Sunlight is the main source of Vitamin D.

Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?

Salivary amylase (also called Ptyalin) is secreted by the salivary glands and breaks starch into maltose and dextrins in the mouth. It works best at pH 6.7–7.0 and is inactivated by stomach acid.

What is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site for digestion and nutrient absorption. Villi and microvilli greatly increase its surface area. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes.

What is Kwashiorkor caused by?

Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency. Symptoms include oedema (swollen belly), depigmented skin, hair discolouration, and retarded growth. Marasmus is caused by deficiency of both protein and total calories.

Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?

Night blindness is caused by Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency. The rod cells in the eye cannot regenerate rhodopsin (visual purple) without Vitamin A. Severe deficiency leads to xerophthalmia and total blindness. Carrots, sweet potatoes, and liver are rich sources.

Which vitamin deficiency causes Pellagra?

Pellagra is caused by Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency. It is characterised by the '4 Ds': Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Dementia, and Death if untreated. It is common in populations with maize-based diets.

Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Pepsin is the main proteolytic enzyme of the stomach. It is secreted as inactive pepsinogen and activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl). Pepsin cleaves proteins into polypeptides.

What is the normal BMI range for a healthy adult?

The normal BMI range for a healthy adult is 18.5 to 24.9. BMI below 18.5 is underweight; 25–29.9 is overweight; 30 or above is obese. BMI = weight(kg) ÷ height²(m²).

Life Science Mock Test Set 2 – Nutrition & Digestion | RRB NTPC Group D | TopperIQ

Life Science Mock Test — Set 2

Life Science · Biology · 25 Questions · 25 Min

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Life Science Mock Test — Set 2

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